Thursday, July 23, 2009

Update from Matam

Call me romantic, call me inspired, call me a lazy American, but my favorite thing to do in Matam is ride around in our air-conditioned car and watch the scenery outside. God must have heard my laziness/romanticism, for we spent the better part of the workweek riding around finding small villages and hamlets for my project.

Day 1: We stopped by the office and picked up a sheet listing 30 villages, one of which (as pointed out by Andrea’s Senegalese counterpart, Latsouk) was named “Peru.” Despite my lame pleas, we did not end up in Peru, but instead went to another village whose name I cannot remember nor did I copy down. I know, great investigation skills.

After some navigating around cows and asking half a dozen confused people where our mysterious village was, we stumbled upon our desired hamlet and spent the next hour and a half talking to various people of the hamlet to gather quantitative data. Being two foreigners and two Senegalese, we managed a fine audience of dumbfounded adults who masked their interest as best as possible, and dumbfounded kids who made no effort whatsoever to mask their interest. But no matter, we got the data needed out of the short interviews.

Day 2: Japan’s philanthropy runs in mysterious ways, not limited to agriculture development in the middle of Senegal. I have no profound comments to make of this endeavor; the reason I mention this is because in our first hour of driving around on day two, we went by pasture land that was restored by the Japanese. Day two consisted of asking more people along the street for directions to a very small and largely unknown hamlet. Fortunately for us, we found number 13 (he was wearing a shirt that said “13”) and pointed us in the right direction. Said hamlet had a current population of two: one adult and one kid. The kid of course wearing a “New York” t-shirt, but suffice to say that “We’re American” is all the information most people need, and we didn’t get to have a laugh about the coincidence of the shirt locality.

The luck of the week continued, because the adult was able to direct us to the village center, where we found a few people capable of translating directly from the local language to French, so all of us could understand, but the results of the survey were less than encouraging. When asked what happens when someone who is migrating by foot falls very sick, our guy more or less answered, “Well you know…whoever dies, dies; whoever lives, lives.” The rest of the interview followed in similar fashion.

Day 3: We were told we’d be going to an even more remote location than the previous two, so I decided the occasion called for full-length pants. Unfortunately, the only location that got to see my pants was the car. Mysterious hamlet was so mysterious that it took us a full 2.5 hours to determine that it was currently uninhabited and only accessible by foot. We did manage to get some pictures of the neon grass up close, and convince our driver that his services should remained unpaid on our part. Andrea also got a marriage proposal by a 15-year-old boy. Last I heard, that’s a no go.

So on to the weekend! On Friday night, we were informed that we’d be attending a conference for World Population Day. The conference was planned to start at 9 AM, but this translated to anytime between 9 AM – Sunday, but being the good Americans and Senegalese we are, we woke up to be on time for the 9 AM start time. At 11:20 AM, the conference officially started, and the next few hours proceeded with a blur of two local languages interspersed with French words and some snoring on the part of the audience.

On Sunday, I was feeling slightly ill, and was greeted with a torrential downpour of rain as my saving grace. I opened the door, looked to my left, and saw Andrea thoroughly drenched and smiling. Obviously, the solution pick-me-upper was getting soaked, so I stormed outside in full force, fully clothed, and ran as fast as possible to the edge of the pavement before I realized I couldn't see anything and was experiencing a sensation that is utterly foreign at this point: being cold. Sure enough, I feel a million times better after the brief run, and that night, fully enjoyed comfortably wearing JEANS in 77 degree F (23 degree C) weather. Hallelujah!

Below is a picture of Andrea and her binome, Latsouk:




-Mala

Tuesday, July 14, 2009

Kolda


The third leg of our in-field research mission has brought us to Kolda, within the Cassamance Region of Senegal. The region of Kolda has been stabilized, and military presence is significantly less relative to other areas of the Cassamance. Kolda is refreshing, green, and lush.. and a nice change after almost a month spent in the steamy desert of Tambacounda. In Tambacounda, life was restricted - and the days planned according to the heat. The climate here in Kolda is tropical, the scenery jungle-like, the ambiance tranquil, and the people very calm, warm, and grounded. Our residence is walled within one grand village, filled with wonderful families, curious children, and life - simplified. The evenings allow for long walks through the village, exchanging with families in the region, taking in the scenery, and learning... Living in Kolda for the past two weeks has brought me internal peace, restored my creativity, and already connected me with people very special to my heart. 



The group with Governor Seck of Kolda


The view from the terrace at our residence. 


Monday, July 13, 2009

Tambacounda, part deux


Muttons trying to keep cool in the shade

When it rains in Tambacounda... 
    


A trip to a village, Gambi, far removed - to visit health posts. We had to drive through a forest for 30 minutes to reach the village, of only a little over 300 inhabitants. 



True beauty is a feeling. In the midst of poverty and destitution, I have found astounding beauty that is, raw, untainted, and free… strong eyes and a gaze full of force and strength, surrounded by an aura of African gold.



The last two weeks in Tambacounda were nothing short of an emotional roller coaster. Research and interviews conducted in the field lead to a daily, sometimes hourly turnover of stories, and realities, that continued to haunt me in my dreams. My research partner, Antoniette, and I spent a week working at the Tambacounda Regional Hospital in the maternity ward. Tambacounda Regional hospital serves the entire region of Tambacounda (the largest region in Senegal) and has extremely limited staff, i.e. only 2 general surgeons.  We spent our time uncovering records, hunting down statistics, interviewing doctors,coordinators, surgeons, mid-wives, and also interviewing the reason of our study – women who have been hospitalized during delivery for obstetrical complications.

 The rooms in the maternity ward are very small, and there are usually five women, or girls,  to a room, whom have just given birth, or experienced a problem with delivery. The there is no AC, it is over 100 degrees outside, and even warmer inside the rooms where there is no air circulation. There are not enough cribs to sustain the amount of women that deliver at the hospital. In the delivery room, after a baby is delivered, he is placed on an open table, resembling a desk in a science lab, in the center of the room, with the other babies of the hour, unattended (except for me, somewhat frantic, constantly running back to make sure they were still on the table and not experiencing anydifficulties). In the maternity rooms, some new born babies lay on the floor, wrapped in a piece of cloth, on a plastic mat because there are not enough cribs. Attending nurses are few and many areas of the hospital are pure, chaos. Although I did notice that African, perhaps Senegalese babies, rarely cry. They are relatively happy, curious, and excited. Welcome to the world…





Inspiration
 Dr. Millogo, head surgeon Tambacounda Regional Hopital

Madame Aja Diop, President Regionale de la federation desassociations feminines du Senegal 

Friday, July 10, 2009

Meeting with the Governor of Kolda

The group in Kolda had the opportunity to speak with the Governor and his staff yesterday about reproductive health in the region. See below!

Thursday, July 9, 2009

Kolda is heating up

We are finishing up our second week in Kolda here and things are starting to heat up, both methodologically and meteorologically! We arrived pleasantly cooled-down after our time in Tamba. It rains every few days in Kolda which tends to keep us rather cool, but today is rather hot.

My binome Oulèye and I are moving along well with our research and are eager to start the next (and most exciting!) phase of the IFP: data analysis. We will conclude our surveys of youth this week. After all is said and done we will have spoken with 70 youth, either through focus groups or individual interviews, in Mbour, Tambacounda and Kolda. We are starting to notice some definite trends with regard to gaps in the CCA's strategies to raise awareness amongst out-of-school youth, most notably the so-called advanced strategies, which are events carried out in remote quartiers and villages, where behavior change is most critical to reducing early pregnancy and STI/HIV/AIDS infection rates. We've also noticed that many youth and community leaders say time and again that the responsibility for reducing the number of early marriages, early pregnancies, and early sexuality in general falls on the shoulders of their parents, yet there is no ostensible awareness-raising strategy for top-down behavior change at the head of household level. Early marriage rates in Tambacounda and Kolda are especially high, largely due to poverty, but also linked to certain socio-cultural tendencies in these communities. A concerted effort to increase dialogue with parents about alternatives to early marriage and early sexuality in general would likely yield dramatic changes.

We are excited to start analyzing our data in full to confirm whether these initial impressions hold true. Only time will tell!

Sunday, July 5, 2009

Kolda




We arrived in Kolda last week and we really like it. We are living a bit outside town in a center for women that was built by the government. The center is in the middle of a village. It is really quiet and peaceful, and the family who runs it is wonderful. We also love the UNFPA expert, Cheikh Ba! He has been so supportive of our work, and he is great to work with. The driver, Sidi, is also a lot of fun. He loves introducing us to his African music, and we are having fun teaching him English phrases like, "What's up?!"

Work is going well. I interviewed a lot of young people last week about their knowledge of HIV and reproductive health. My binome and I went to a mechanic shop, a beauty school, a couple of wood worker shops, and a tire shop to talk to young apprentices who have dropped out of school. There are a lot of HIV awareness activities in the town, but I am seeing that the activities aren't really translating into significant behavioral changes. There is a really strong culture of early marriage and early pregnancy, so the research has been incredibly interesting.

This weekend, we took a trip to Ziguinchor, which is on the Casamance River. We went to a cool market at the Center for Artisans, and we had some great food. Now, it is pouring rain and we are wondering if our sept place is going to make it back to Kolda today. :)

Monday, June 29, 2009

Matam des beaux arts

Hello All,

I've somehow reharnessed my artistic side, and decided to post a few pictures I've done so far. You can click on my blog if you'd like to read more about my experience thus far.
Cheers,

Mala



Grand Mosque





Sandstorm





Statue on the Corniche in Dakar

Friday, June 19, 2009

Second week in Mbour

Last weekend I sought some respite and made the short trip to Saly for a couple of days. It was nice to get out of my dusty house, and to have electricity throughout the day, thanks to the hotel’s generator. It was also nice to have some time alone, something I take for granted as an American. You never realize how precious your time alone is until it is usurped from you for days on end! The hotel was dead as can be—there were about 5 other people staying there, and most of them were old French people. Needless to say, I didn’t make many friends, but it was nice to read my book and chill by the sea. I also ate pasta a couple of times, which was a welcome change from fish and rice…not that fish and rice aren’t tasty as well, but variety is key. I also had some cocktails! Alcohol had become a distant memory.

These birds at the hotel were very assertive and invasive, and wanted to eat my peanuts. They freaked me the hell out, to be quite frank. (I have a modest phobia of birds).





On Monday our faculty supervisor, Madame Dial, came from Dakar. She has been an ENORMOUS help, and is an invaluable guide for us methodologically. We refined our survey on Monday, paring it down, and changing the wording so it would give us the most effective feedback from the youth surveyed. Since Mme Dial arrived, our days became much longer. We’ve been working 10 hour days, with about an hour lunch break. This has largely contributed to our productivity, but it’s also exhausting given the heat, and the dust, and the repetitive and transitory nature of surveying in the field.

On Tuesday, after we felt our survey was ready for a second round of testing (Oulèye and I had done some pretesting last week), we entered the questions in Sphinx, a program that facilitates survey implementation and data analysis. It was interesting trying to learn this software as I went along—it is of course in French, and I’m not exactly an expert at French UI terminology, so navigating was a little rocky at first, but we finally got the survey the way we wanted it. Since we have no printer at the house, we had to export the survey to a file format that would be supported in an internet café in order to print. Unfortunately, Sphinx does not have the handy feature of directly exporting the survey format to a Word or PDF file. We were able to save it as an XPS file. From there, we had to copy it into Microsoft OneNote, a program I am completely unfamiliar with, but which seems to be a lame guise by Microsoft to propagate file formats unsupported by anyone but PC users, thereby aggrandizing their hegemony to an ever greater extent… Anyway from OneNote, we could then copy and paste into Word. This whole process, of course, was not intuitive, and was only accomplished after a brief bit of freaking out (mostly on my part) and worrying that all the work we had done to enter the questions in Sphinx would be for naught. We finally saved the Word version of our survey to a pen drive (un clé USB) and went on the hunt for a locale where we could print and photocopy the survey.

Mbacke suggested a place we could go to that would take care of both of those needs. It was potentially the most run down building I’ve been in since my arrival in Senegal. I am not being facetious when I say there was a phone booth in there that appeared to have been constructed in the early 1950s. There were salamanders crawling all around, and the paint was chipping off left and right, the place was covered in filth, flies everywhere, and there was no lighting, save the dim glow of the stone-age computers sitting on a rickety table. The personnel there were at first averse to connecting Oulèye’s clé USB to the computer, since they had to pull the whole setup out to find the neglected USB port. After some negotiating, they agreed to do so. Unfortunately, the computer did not recognize her clé. We moved to the other computer, only to find that it would not open the folder in which our document was to be found. After some finagling, we convinced the man working there to allow us to take the internet cable and hook our laptop up directly so as to email the file to ourselves, and then print from their computer there. No dice. We could not get an internet connection to the laptop. At one point, a salamander crawled across Oulèye’s foot and she ran screaming from the cavelike building, practically knocking me over as she fled, and inciting Mme Dial to run screaming after her. I sat there, nonplussed by the salamander frenzy, on an overturned, rusty can of paint, sweating from the computers’ radiant heat, stressed as hell that after over 2 hours of our best efforts, we could not get this forsaken survey printed. I finally convinced Mme Dial and Oulèye we needed to find a functional internet café if we were going to get anywhere with all this.

We walked into the street, where I was swarmed by no fewer than 5 men seeking some sort of alms for a Muslim religious organization… I wish I knew which group they belong to. Maybe someone can tip me off? They’re the guys that walk around with the pictures of who I assume (maybe wrongly, ignorantly?) to be the Cheikh from Touba around their necks and little yellow bowls for their collection. We finally made it to an internet café, and of course, right after we stepped inside, the power went out for its requisite second time of the day. This place had a generator, however, so we were in luck. We were able to open our file there, and get a printed copy, but not without going through three different printers, because they were so low on toner. We finally got to the photocopying stage, and made 30 copies of the survey. At this point we were famished. We went home and had a (typically) leisurely lunch. By the time we left the house, it was 6:00 pm and we hadn’t administered a single survey. We walked down the street from our house to a woodshop atelier, where we found a few teenage apprentices wrapping up their work for the day. We got two interviews out of the encounter, though one kid was embarrassed and ducked out about half way through the survey. I don’t think we’ll use the data from those two kids, but they were valuable for re-testing our questions.

The next day I made the necessary changes to the survey after having done those tests and we generated our new survey and went back to the internet café to print out copies of the updated survey. We also made copies of our informed consent, which was so graciously translated by my very own, McElroy Translation in Austin. I cannot emphasize enough how many grueling hours of translation work this saved me! And I’m sure the end product is infinitely better than anything I would have drafted. Oulèye agreed we would use the form for each encounter, and so far it has been going well; we are assigning participants a number, and only asking for their initials as an indication that they have been told their rights as participants in the study.

We were ambitious and productive and were able to survey 6 people that day. Each survey takes about 30 minutes, but the duration varies depending on the youth’s ability to engage with us. We thought we would try to get some female participants since at this point we had only spoken to young men. I had seen a street with a few tailors on one of the main roads, so we had a taxi drop us off there. We went by the first couturier and met the chef there, Sophie. She told us her young apprentices were working, but if we came back at 5:00 we could interview some of them. We walked on and found a hair salon down the street, where there were about 5 girls hanging out on the porch. They all met our sample requirements, and they were all willing and able to do the survey. These were, in my opinion, some of our best surveys yet, since the sample was procured completely randomly, and they weren’t affiliated with the CCA in any way, and they were engaged with the study. After the hair salon, we walked back to the tailor and surveyed a few more girls. Our sample is so far fairly diverse—we’ve had a mix of socio-economic backgrounds, neighborhoods, marital statuses, etc. (though we haven’t had any non-Muslims or youth with children yet.) We decided to try to find some boys after that, and surveyed two more young men on the street. All in all, Wednesday was the most productive, satisfying day I’ve had since I got to Senegal.

Today we had scheduled two focus groups: one was with a group of young male artists, and another with a group of female couture apprentices. We met with the boys first at the CCA. I got the impression they had been coaxed to talk to us, and they were hesitant to say anything negative. They were, however, very informed as far as STIs, HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancy, contraception, etc. are concerned. But I have my doubts as to whether this type of sampling—that is, using contacts through the CCA, will compromise the integrity of our data. I think I much prefer to go out and find kids in the community as we happen upon them. All the same, we are using a snowball sample, and we pretty much take what we can get with regard to participants, as long as they meet our target population requirements. In the afternoon, we went to the market to meet the girls in their sewing workshop. This group had a very low awareness/knowledge level of STIs, contraception, etc. We must be careful not to influence their answers at all during the survey, but I feel compelled to see if we can dispel some of the seriously misinformed notions about STDs after the survey is done… I want to talk to Oulèye about this before we do our next focus group. After the second group, we did one more semi-structured interview and called it a day.

Maktar of UNFPA in Dakar informed me I will be going back to Dakar before I go to Tamba this weekend. He suggested I stay at my binome’s house on Saturday night. I feel/felt very uncomfortable asking her if I could do this, and what’s more, I know her house is crammed with children and grandchildren, and I’m not even sure I would have a place to sleep. Oulèye and I are to arrange our own transport to Dakar (I’m a little uneasy about this, since I’m not sure how to go about it… apparently we are to take public transit, since a private car will be too expensive, but I am afraid for the security of my luggage on a big bus or car rapide type vehicle…). In any case, we were told by UNFPA to go back to Dakar on Saturday and we will leave early Sunday for Tamba with Senghor. However, Oulèye wants to go back to Dakar Friday night to spend more time with her family, and I’m not about to stay in this house alone for a night, so I guess I have to go back on Friday, too. That means 2 nights in a hotel in Dakar, which is going to cost me over $100.00. I’m not jazzed about this.

In any case, it will, of course, be nice to have some time alone before I make the long voyage to Tamba, where I’ll be greeted by 112 degree weather (so I’m told!) and some very different (and more difficult?) working conditions that what I’ve been dealing with in Mbour. All in all, I’m excited to see Tamba, to embark on our second study locale, and to reunite with some of my beloved New Schoolers!

Wednesday, June 17, 2009

Tambacounda

Tambacounda is the largest region of Senegal, with the smallest population, and the most problems...espeically in terms of health. The Tamba team has completely occupied a hostel-like house within the centre ville of Tamba. The 'city' is dirty, extremely underdveloped, and impoverished. Trash lines the streets, pigs enjoy the trash and the dirt, and heards of goats roam around freely. Instead of falling asleep or waking up to the sound of traffic, construction, and the drama of Wall Street, I am surrounded by the noises coming from the goats outside my bedroom window. There are few taxi cabs and cars, vehicles of transportation for many include a wooden cart pulled by a horse. 


It is hot. Without working AC the temperature in one of the bedrooms at midnight on the second night here was 97 degrees, with two fans running. A few colleagues opted to sleep on the roof. The water in the bath is hot, not lukewarm, as the sun has already heated it for us. The sun is strong, and when it is at its strongest during the day from about 1pm-3pm, or more.. everybody takes a siesta and does not work because it is nearly impossible in the heat. Thus, la vie is slow. I am used to the hustle and bustle and ambition of every hour spent in New York City - here, life sort of passes you by and the sun controls your calendar. Not to say work does not get accomplished, work just does not get accomplished right now; this is a new lifestyle that will take some adjusting to. We are well-received in the region, children are elated when we pass by, and it is exciting to learn about life so far, far away. It is pretty bizarre to be living so far removed from a large city, but somewhat intriguing at the same time. What does one do in Tambacounda? 



On the walk home from the UNFPA office.

Antoinette, my Beninoise research partner 



Safari Stories

 

The group of New Yorkers in Tambacounda , Mariam, Louise, Meghan and I, decided to venture to the Parc National Niokolo-Koba, Senegal’s major national park, which spans the distance of 9000 sq km. We departed from our residence at 6am in a pickup truck, driven by a chauffeur named Touba. The park itself was only about an hour from our residence, but driving into the interior of the park took another hour and a half. At the entrance in Dar Salam, we picked up a tour guide to navigate the safari route. The park is rumored to be home to lions, and my mind was fixated on seeing one for the first time.

The first hour and a half of our safari was blissful and enchanting. We saw different species of antelope, warthogs like Pumba in The Lion King, enormous baobab trees, exotic fruit, giant baboons, and many different species of birds. Where the hippos and crocodiles dwell, I spotted a “hiding hippo”, just his eyes and snout watching us. According to the guide, with regards to the remainder of the hippos and crocodiles, “Ils ont plongé, they plunged [under the water]. Go figure.

 

Along the trail, the guide pointed out more antelope nearby and the driver came to a halt to take a look himself. After we were finished admiring, the driver accelerated, the wheels skidded a bit, and the truck did not budge. It had been raining the day before, and there were enormous puddles of water and quicksand like mud all along the trail. Unfortunately for us, the driver had decided to join in on animal watching in the middle of a giant mud puddle. And so began the next horrific 5 hours of our safari. At first it was rather comical, but smiles soon faded... 


We began searching the forest to gather large sticks and broken branches to place under, in front, and behind the wheels to gain traction. No go. The guide and the four of us attempted to push the car while the driver accelerated. Nothing. The driver then got into the mud, under the car, and began using his hands to dig out the front and rear axels which were also engulfed in mud.  We started to dig out the tires. We pushed again. This process lasted in entirety five hours, from about 11am – 4pm, during the hottest hours of the day, in the midst of an African jungle with giant bugs and insects surrounding so loud that my ears were ringing. The guide did not have a radio, and there are no cell phone towers within the park or even in Dar Salam at the outskirts of the park. We could not contact anyone. Besides our party, there was only one other vehicle touring the park that day, we had passed them an hour prior, and they were broken down, too. I kept watch for lions, giant baboons that were chasing our truck just 15min prior, and any other type of animal that might be threatening to our escape from this predicament. The guide had no form of defense. It was hot; we rationed water and food, and tried our best to fend off exhaustion.

By the third, fourth, and fifth hours we prayed, in every religion we knew how to pray in. The nearest guard we were aware of was more than 6 km away – and that was 6 km of walking through the territory of animals unknown. Night falls shortly after 7pm, and time was running out. By this time Touba, the chauffeur, was coated in mud head to toe. We were dirty, sweaty, petrified, and anxious. The guide, was chain-smoking and ripping down trees instead of searching for dead wood to free the tires from the mud. Slowly by slowly, each tire came loose from the mud, we dug more, we made a path of wood, and we pushed…the four of us almost at the point of tears, at last the truck was liberated! Quite possibly the most joyous Senegalese moment of the summer, thus far. 

Touba, the chauffeur, before the incident

Touba, after


 

Tuesday, June 16, 2009


Here is a picture of me and Veena after the debacle in the park.


Me and my binome, Massow, in a taxi in Tamba

Saturday, June 13, 2009

Sandstorm in Matam

After a scintillating day of no electricity, and avoiding the heat by remaining as still as possible, we went to the office after the miracles of the world turned the power back on, and A/C and internet once again graced out presence.

Andrea used the computer first, and then I did. As I was typing another masterpiece of an email, I heard Andrea call my name to come outside and see something. I thought it was another goat, but after a few seconds, she called me back saying it was...a sandstorm! Woo, hello mother nature. Below is Andrea's rather verbose (je rigole, je rigole) account.

A sandstorm passed through Matam yesterday evening, followed by the season's first, and much welcomed, rain shower.

The storm was less aggressive than I thought it would be, it was more like a slow enveloping as opposed to a violent pushing. I could see the sand rising up in the air in the distance. Within minutes the sky and all around us turned from clear, to orange, to red, to pitch black.


Friday, June 12, 2009

One week down...

It’s the end of our first week in the field. I am becoming more at ease with the unpredictable and at times uncontrollable forces impacting research in the field. But there are still many trying moments, to be sure. I spent the whole of my Research Methods course last semester doing a literature review and planning my methodology for this internship. I’m fairly confident I prepared myself as best I could. And yet, a lot of the planning and the research theory just falls to pieces when faced with the realities of conducting a study on the ground. It’s a little discombobulating at times, but all you can do is go with the flow, and do your best given the information and resources at hand.

Methodologically, we are moving ahead at a decent speed. We’ve made a timeline of tasks for the remainder of our time in Mbour, and for Tamba and Kolda as well. Our survey questions are drafted, and Oulèye is doing the final edits in French. Hopefully we can plug them into Sphinx later today and get some printed copies ready for Monday. We’ve also made a tentative plan for the final product(s) of our work.

So far, for Mbour, we’ve had an interview with the sage-femme (midwife) and the IEC Technician, Babaco, but we still need to interview Mbacke himself! He hasn’t had more than 10 minutes to spare for us over the past five days due to the workshop for young artists that was going on Tuesday through Thursday. Today he has gone to Thiès to collect some reports for the HIV testing program. Tomorrow, (Saturday) he will be at the CCA for a workshop with survivors of rape. I plan to stop by the Center in the morning around 10:00 to peek in on the workshop and perhaps establish some contacts with youth present. After that, I’m having a real weekend holiday in Saly, damnit!

We are getting down to the wire in finding our youth sample for Mbour since we only have a week left here. I’ve made a contact with the young artists’ cooperative (mostly young men), and a man named Philippe who leads a vocational training program in sewing for young women who have dropped out of school. Hopefully these two groups will serve as good launching points for our snowball sample for surveying the youth. We’re also planning on going to the fish market and maybe the market where Chinese electronics are sold to find some survey participants. We don’t anticipate these surveys will inform the bulk of our findings, but they will certainly play a role in our overall assessment of the impact of “sensibilisation” in the community.

This morning I called Laty at UNFPA Dakar to see if we could get our hands on the evaluations already conducted by UNFPA on the CCAs. These evaluations will serve as critical background to avoid duplicating what’s already been done. The main thing to keep in mind with this study is that we are searching for new solutions and innovative strategies to target out-of-school youth. My worst fear is that we’ll unknowingly propose a previously failed strategy…

I sent the informed consent forms I drafted last semester to the translation company with whom I worked in Austin to see if they could cut us a deal for translation into French. Oulèye seemed very opposed to the idea of using the informed consent forms at all. I told her that we are obligated to inform research participants of the rights and responsibilities involved in the study, and to ensure their confidentiality. What validity would our research have if we can’t document that we did it in line with an ethical protocol? She said, “You’ll see. No one is going to sign those forms.” That may very well be the case, but we have to at least try, and we at the very least have to verbally inform participants of their rights and our responsibilities in the study. After all this talk of how the forms won’t fly, she then said she could translate them in a couple of hours and we shouldn’t send them to my contact. I said, “Oulèye, I’ve worked in the translation industry for over two years; I know how many words a translator can do in a day, and this is a half day’s worth of translation, and a quarter day’s work of editing of legal material; what's more, neither of us is linguistically equipped to do a proper job in the time available to us.” She seemed unconvinced. Just another example of how basic protocol can get shot to hell once in the field.

Wednesday, June 10, 2009

The problem of the moustiquières

It's almost 10:40 and we're not at the office yet. It's been four days and our mosquito nets are still not hung. The holdup? The guy at the atelier hasn't come by to drill holes into the ceiling. The first day we got here, the atelier was closed. The second day, it was closed. The third day, he was gone for the day after we got home. Finally, I told Mbacke, I have to have my net hung today. He said he talked to a kid at the atelier who said they would come by at 9:00 AM to hang the nets. At 10:00, we walked over there ourselves to talk to them and they said they'd be by soon. We're going on 11:00 AM now and no sign of them.

While I am anxious that we're missing a day at the CCA, with a workshop for young artists going on, and lots of stuff to do, today my priority is hanging this forsaken mosquito net. I will not stand for any more nights of mosquito biting!

Tuesday, June 9, 2009

it's so hot

me and mala are finishing our second day of continued research and writing at the UNFPA office in Matam with our binomes. there is air conditioning in the teensy office the four of us are sharing, and really that's the only thing that matters, because it's 111 F outside. well, that and the fact that we have wi-fi.

off to mala to adjouter something before we head back to la maison...

(c'est mala) i have to admit that 5 years ago, i would be complaining incessently about the condition here - we have a limited supply of potable water, the heat is overwhelming, and the days are slowing down considerably; however, both of us have a great rapport with our binomes, we're actually doing work and using the research meghan, veena, and i slaved over compiling for PDPM, so if this apparent rainly season comes, we'll be better with cooler temperatures. secure us a fridge to keep water cooler than boiling, and i'll be set.

pictures of our life in Matam to come.

Monday, June 8, 2009

Home is Where the Clean Toilet is

Yesterday was the wrong day for my camera battery to die. In the morning, Oulèye and I slept in for the first day since I’ve been here (well, aside from the day I was sick last week). At 1:00, Mbacke came and picked us up for lunch, which was, as usual, delicious. We’ve had lunch there three days now, and each time it’s been a dish of rice with fish and a very tasty, spicy sauce; one day we had Thiboudienne. Afterwards, Oulèye was tired, so she went home to rest and later pay a visit to a friend who happens to live down the street. Mbacke took me on a tour of Mbour and Saly. First we drove through Mbour on a circuitous route of dirt roads and houses. Soon enough we were in Saly, the neighboring town. Saly is markedly more touristic than Mbour, and, if I do say so, also a bit more pleasing to the eye.

I could not believe the quantity of hotels and rental houses and huts and villas in Saly! They seemed to stretch on for miles and miles. They are all immaculately maintained, with flowers and vines everywhere. We stopped at one, Hotel des Bouganvilles, named for all the flowers in the expansive courtyard among the hotel suites. We walked through the yard, past all the flowers, weaving through the buildings. There was not a soul in sight. The hotel appeared completely void of tourists. We continued on, where we came out by an immaculate pool. I wanted to jump in so badly, but I hadn’t planned for it. We continued on and soon enough we were at the beach. The sand was a light brown, just like all the sand that makes up the roads here. A few Senegalese teens were swimming and playing around in the ocean. The water was the perfect temperature. We walked back up to the hotel, and took a different route through the bouganvillia-lined paths, and we ended up on the property of the adjacent hotel, Hotel Amarylis. It, too, was completely devoid of tourists. Not a soul in sight. Mbacke explained that tourist season doesn’t start until October, and ends in March. The hotels are almost all foreign-owned—Swiss, French, Dutch, and Spanish investors.

We left the hotel haven and continued on the road back towards Mbour, but not without making a stop at another cove of Saly’s beach. Here there were tons and tons of kids playing on the beach—the vast majority of them boys. Mbacke told me that when they have enough money (about 60,000 CFA, or $130 USD) they do educational events and condom distribution here on the weekends. Due to limited funds, they can only do this once a trimester. We walked up the beach, which itself was sprinkled with dead blow fish, shells, and jellyfish, and not a little bit of trash, though Mbacke tells me the beach there is cleaner than most. As we walked along, I saw an amazing scene—a boy bathing his horse in about 4 feet of surf. The horse seemed to be enjoying himself thoroughly. After the bath was over, the horse turned around and walked in towards the shore, and the boy grabbed on to his tail and rode the waves back to the sand. This is a common practice here.

We turned around and got back into the car, and Mbacke drove me to the fish market in Mbour, which was about a mile down the shore. There I got an informal tour of the market. I can’t remember the dozens of names of fish that I saw there. The place was so packed—with fisherman, women cleaning fish, making fish balls, people sorting fish, packing fish, etc. The CCA does events here, too, money permitting. The port was divided into sections for small fish, large fish, and massive fish, rays, squid, octopi, and crustaceans—the latter varieties destined for export to Europe, China, and Japan.

After the fish market, we went to a music spectacle put on by a group of Catholic school teachers with whom the CCA collaborates from time to time. It was held in an outdoor community center. There were about 5 different percussionists, two guitarists, a male singer, a female singer, and a guy mixing the sound. The sound was way too loud, and I was tempted to plug my ears at times. People would go up and dance in front of the crowd periodically, which was always fun to watch, and one small kid, maybe about 2 years old, would go up and dance, too. I cannot express how cute this kid was. He later found a loose cord dangling from a tent, and took it in his hand, as if to mimic the woman with the microphone and cord. Watching this kid mimic the singers and shake his little booty provided for a source of endless laughter.

Today was my first day at the Centre de Communication pour les Adolescents (CCA). Mbacke had a meeting in Thiès with the World Bank and IMF for a quarterly review of the CCA’s HIV/AIDS testing and awareness-raising program, so he dropped us off at the office and made his way there shortly thereafter. The office itself is housed in the CDEPS building, a section of the Ministry of Youth dedicated to sports. For this reason, there is a constant drone of kids playing basketball on the other side of the wall. The huge empty room in the entrance to the building that first made me believe it to be unoccupied turns out to be the gymnastics room. Mats are set up daily and gym coaches hold classes there in the afternoons. Putting the CCA in the CDEPS building allows the center to avoid stigmatizing itself as a place of reproductive health activity (a taboo topic in the plurality of social circles here), and in this way, kids can enter the building freely under the guise of going for sports, without being judged by passersby outside the building.

The CCA office space itself consists of a series of modest rooms for each of the personnel: the Coordinator (Mbacke), the sage-femme, or midwife, the social worker (a position currently unoccupied due to lack of funding; this office is thus occupied by interns), and the IEC Technician (Information, Education, et Communication; this person is in charge of outreach activities). When we opened the door to the Assistante Sociale’s office, the space we will be occupying for the next two weeks, we were confronted by a great deal of dust and sand, as the office has been unoccupied since the last intern left in May (she was an undergrad social work student from Belgium). The office has no window, but the door opens to the courtyard, and there is a small rotating fan mounted on the ceiling. Mbacke cleaned the desk and chairs off for us, and we turned on the fan and got settled in. We spoke briefly with the IEC Technician before diving into the evaluations. We read for about a half hour in the balmy, dusty office before the power cut out, leaving us to read for three more hours in the dim, dusty, hot space. This is character-building!

Lunch is usually from 1:00 to 3:00, but Oulèye and I were both famished and tired by 11:30, so we left at noon for lunch, (we usually go home with Mbacke for lunch, but since he was in Thiès, we ventured out) and ended up at a restaurant a few blocks from the office. They had two dishes to offer us, one of them sounding strangely familiar…gumbo! Surely, I thought, this is not the gumbo I know as a native Louisianne. But, to my surprise, they brought out a plate of rice accompanied by a spicy stew of seafood! Gumbo it was. It was a small sign of how little bits of West African culture are still present in the U.S. today.

Oulèye said she would go home for prayer, and I wanted to go home as well to get some water (and use the bathroom…that’s another story) and put some snacks in my bag for the afternoon at the office. We caught a taxi back home, and got the driver’s number so we could call him to pick us up later to take us back to the office. At 1:45, I packed my bag up and asked Oulèye for the number of the driver so we could make our way back to the office. She said, “we don’t go back until 3:00.” I replied that since we had left an hour early, I thought we would go back an hour early. She said, “If you go back to the office now, no one will be there.” I wasn’t really inclined to take the taxi alone and then show up and be locked out for an hour, but I also didn’t want to stay an hour late at the office to make up for a three hour lunch. I ended up staying home with Oulèye and reading there for another hour. We called the driver a little before 3:00 to come pick us up; he said he was eating lunch and would be there soon. We waited a half hour before calling again; Oulèye said he was far away and that we should walk to find another taxi. We left our house and walked 15 minutes to the main road. By the time we got there, I was sweating from the heat, covered in dust, and grumpy from trekking my laptop and all the evaluations around on my back. We got to the main road and bargained for at taxi, and I marveled at how happy I was to be in the hot, dirty clunker, with the breeze on my face, on our way back to the office… four hours after we had left for lunch.

We got back to the office and I bought a liter of water, dehydrated from our brief walk in the sun with my backpack. At the kiosk, I conversed with an old man, each of us doing our best with our less-than-perfect French. We were the only ones back at the office, as it turned out. After another hour or so of reading evaluations, a group of teens came into the office. They were searching for educational materials on unintended pregnancy for a class assignment. We did our best to help find the appropriate brochures since we were the only ones at the center. As the kids made their way out, one young man lingered behind, and gestured that he wanted to speak with me. He asked Oulèye if he could meet with me alone. She agreed, and stepped out in the hall to talk to the other teens. The boy asked me if he could have some condoms. I turned around and looked at the locked cabinet behind my back, and apologetically informed him that I didn’t have the key. He looked disappointed, and I was just as disappointed that I couldn’t help him out. A minute later, after the kids had left, I noticed a box on the floor by the desk…what if? I opened it, and sure enough, it was filled with condoms. I debated for a minute whether to run out and catch up with the kids; I wanted to help the kid out, but discretion and confidentiality were critical, too. What’s more, I wasn’t sure of the CCA’s protocol for condom distribution. Surely the kids have to receive instruction on their appropriate use when they’re distributed, and I know they also record data on the recipient’s age and gender at the time of distribution. Oulèye and I pondered together as to whether we should track him down; she remarked that we wouldn’t want to be the ones responsible if he has unprotected sex. I thought to myself, however, ultimately, he’s responsible for his own actions. I walked outside to see if they were there, but they were gone. Tomorrow I’ll ask Mbacke what the best thing to do is when kids ask us for condoms in the absence of the other staff.

After having well-hydrated myself, I needed to make a trip to the toilettes. I remembered Oulèye commenting on their filthy state, but I was in no position to wait two hours until we went home. I have never regretted drinking water so much as when I saw that bathroom. Mbacke had told us they can only afford for the center to be cleaned every month or so, but I’ll be damned if that wasn’t the most filthy toilet I’ve ever seen in my life; I think the cinematographer from Trainspotting must have derived his inspiration from this toilet. It was covered in a thin, suspicious brown film inside and out, and had black water inside—I would later discover there were mosquitoes breeding in the stagnant “water”! The surrounding area was dirty as all hell, too. I’m not sure how I’ll manage my simultaneous hydration and avoidance of the bathrooms at the CCA for the next two weeks.

After our first day, I was happy to come home and use our clean toilet and make a cup of tea and eat a croissant, thinking about our methodology. As I sit here typing this, I’m waiting out the second power outage of the day. Hopefully this one will be less than the three and a half hour outage earlier today…my computer is about to die.

Saturday, June 6, 2009

Leaving for the Field

After an action-packed week of orientation and logistics in Dakar, the team left for the field bright and early today. For my part, I had smooth and uneventful trip to Mbour, a mere two hours from Dakar, the majority of the voyage spent leaving Dakar. It was both exciting and bittersweet to leave everyone this morning for two weeks alone with my binome, Oulèye.

Below are a few pictures of our departure:

Maguette!



Louise:



Mala and Andrea:



Alia and Maguette:



Mariam:



I'm lacking photos of Meghan and Veena, so please add them if you are able!

During my Senegal IFP, I will be analyzing reproductive health education programs targeted at out-of-school youth in Mbour, Tambacounda and Kolda. Reproductive health education programs for out-of-school youth have been largely unsuccessful in Senegal, as well as other regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Along with my research partner, Oulèye, a student from the Institut de Formation et de Rechèrche en Population, Développement, et Santé de la Reproduction, I will be analyzing the existing documentation on these programs, analyzing the problems associated with their strategies, and making recommendations for new and innovative strategies to successfully influence out-of-school youth's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with regard to reproductive health.

Here is a picture of me with my binome, Oulèye:



I am eager to see what the upcoming weeks will bring, both in terms of my study, and with regard to life in Mbour. I took off this morning from the Résidence de l'Université in the UNFPA Land Cruiser--all in all, a sweet ride, as Meghan so aptly put it. The UNFPA expert, Senghor, and the driver (whose name I have shamefully forgotten!) made for good company as we made our way to pick up Oulèye near the Technopole on the way out of the city. After we picked up Oulèye, we overtook the other two UNFPA vehicles as they stopped in Refisque to pick up Louise's binome. The next half hour or so was peppered with bumper-to-bumper and slow-moving traffic as we left the outskirts of Dakar. Soon enough we were passing Popenguine (I thought of JoJo!) and then Saly, and before I knew it we were in Mbour.

Mbour has one and only paved road, off of which numerous dirt roads sprawl to the outlying community. We arrived at the Ministry of Youth (la Ministère de la Jeunesse; hereafter, simply the MJ) without issue and stepped out of the Land Cruiser. Upon entering the building, it looked like we had arrived at an abandoned headquarters; there was no sign that it had been recently occupied, at least in the decidedly empty main room off the entryway. Laty had given me the number of the gestioner of the MJ, so we called him and he spoke to Senghor who subsequently confirmed the gestioner would be there soon to meet Oulèye and me. Senghor and the driver then left for Kolda, as they had a long drive ahead of them. Oulèye and I waited on the porch for a few minutes before the CCA coordinator, Mbacke, arrived. He gave us a brief tour of the center, showing us the salles d'activités, the sage femme's (midwife) examination room, the offices (including one available for interns!), and the backyard of the property. Mbacke has been with the MJ since 1998 and working on reproductive health issues in particular since 2006 (if I remember correctly). In the back of the building, there are some three dozen young trees, planted two years ago by Mbacke. Two rows of small saplings form a tidy walkway up to the back door. I can imagine in a few years they will provide ample and welcome respite from the heat, and will hopefully also serve as an inviting place for young people to gather.

Mbacke made us Nescafe and offered us Biscrème (cookies with chocolate in the middle) and we talked about the CCA programs. He shared with us a stack of previous evaluations conducted by some Belgian undergraduate social work interns, one who left as recently as April 24th of this year; we have a lot of documentation to review this week! It is a relief to see this big stack of studies because I have been eager to read about the most recent evaluations conducted on the programs.

Mbacke said he will drive us to the office each morning between 8:00 and 8:30; at 1:00 pm we will all go to his home for lunch. Then at 3:00 pm we return to the office, and return chez nous around 6:00 pm. It seems that for transit to the office, we are dependent on Mbacke for a ride, which seems fine for the first week since we'll be keeping the same hours as him. I'm not sure how we'll get out and about for surveys, though, if we want to reach out-of-school youth who don't frequent the CCA. I will also have to ask for the number of a taxi or car service in the (likely) event I want to go into town for groceries, other necessities, or to take a trip to the beach!

After coffee and an introduction to the office, Mbacke drove us to the house where we will live for the next two weeks. It is approximately a 7 minute drive from the office and located in a purely residential area of town; I must say I feel rather isolated out here, but I'm at ease with the location since it's only a couple blocks from Mbacke's house and a guard is stationed on the premises at night. The property is surrounded by a 10-foot or so high wall, and a locked gate, the key to which is available to Oulèye, me, Mbacke, and the "guardien." Our door is metal and sturdy, with a sizable bolt, and a lock as well. Each of our rooms also has a door with lock and key.

Our house is spacious and clean, if a little dusty. The surrounding area is peppered with other houses, and dirt roads all around. The windows are not glass, but covered metal grates open to the elements, with large gauzy red curtains to shield us from the sun. We have a modern kitchen with a stove and an oven fueled by a propane tank, a brand new refrigerator, and all the essential cookware and dishes, etc. The bathroom has a western-style shower and a toilet, those being in separate rooms, with a sink in the adjacent hallway. We have a large dining table and a single bed in the hallway, which I like to think of as our little sitting room. Oulèye took the larger room with a king size bed since her mosquito net is large enough to accommodate that bed; I am in the other room with a single bed (which is actually a hospital bed, complete with wheels and brakes!) so I could fit my mosquito net around it. The ceilings are too high for us to screw in our hooks for our mosquito nets, so we called Mbacke to have someone assist us in that endeavor, but they have yet to arrive...I should end this entry soon to follow up on that, since the sun will set in a couple hours!

Here are some photos of our house...

Our front gate & exterior surrounding wall; a view from inside our house:



Our front door, from inside our front hallway:



Our bolt on the front door (it also has a conventional lock):



Dining table and hallway:



Our windows and curtains:



Kitchen counter and sink:



Stove/oven and propane tank:



View from inside my room:



All in all, I am happily installed. I must say, it is very, very quiet here after all the hustle and bustle in Dakar last week. I wonder if I'll get used to it? In any case, I have a stack of reading to tend to, a bunch of emails to write, and some dusty floors to sweep. :)

Hoping everyone is having a safe and pleasant journey to Tamba and Matam today. Signing off for now.

-Amy