Saturday, June 13, 2009

Sandstorm in Matam

After a scintillating day of no electricity, and avoiding the heat by remaining as still as possible, we went to the office after the miracles of the world turned the power back on, and A/C and internet once again graced out presence.

Andrea used the computer first, and then I did. As I was typing another masterpiece of an email, I heard Andrea call my name to come outside and see something. I thought it was another goat, but after a few seconds, she called me back saying it was...a sandstorm! Woo, hello mother nature. Below is Andrea's rather verbose (je rigole, je rigole) account.

A sandstorm passed through Matam yesterday evening, followed by the season's first, and much welcomed, rain shower.

The storm was less aggressive than I thought it would be, it was more like a slow enveloping as opposed to a violent pushing. I could see the sand rising up in the air in the distance. Within minutes the sky and all around us turned from clear, to orange, to red, to pitch black.


Friday, June 12, 2009

One week down...

It’s the end of our first week in the field. I am becoming more at ease with the unpredictable and at times uncontrollable forces impacting research in the field. But there are still many trying moments, to be sure. I spent the whole of my Research Methods course last semester doing a literature review and planning my methodology for this internship. I’m fairly confident I prepared myself as best I could. And yet, a lot of the planning and the research theory just falls to pieces when faced with the realities of conducting a study on the ground. It’s a little discombobulating at times, but all you can do is go with the flow, and do your best given the information and resources at hand.

Methodologically, we are moving ahead at a decent speed. We’ve made a timeline of tasks for the remainder of our time in Mbour, and for Tamba and Kolda as well. Our survey questions are drafted, and Oulèye is doing the final edits in French. Hopefully we can plug them into Sphinx later today and get some printed copies ready for Monday. We’ve also made a tentative plan for the final product(s) of our work.

So far, for Mbour, we’ve had an interview with the sage-femme (midwife) and the IEC Technician, Babaco, but we still need to interview Mbacke himself! He hasn’t had more than 10 minutes to spare for us over the past five days due to the workshop for young artists that was going on Tuesday through Thursday. Today he has gone to Thiès to collect some reports for the HIV testing program. Tomorrow, (Saturday) he will be at the CCA for a workshop with survivors of rape. I plan to stop by the Center in the morning around 10:00 to peek in on the workshop and perhaps establish some contacts with youth present. After that, I’m having a real weekend holiday in Saly, damnit!

We are getting down to the wire in finding our youth sample for Mbour since we only have a week left here. I’ve made a contact with the young artists’ cooperative (mostly young men), and a man named Philippe who leads a vocational training program in sewing for young women who have dropped out of school. Hopefully these two groups will serve as good launching points for our snowball sample for surveying the youth. We’re also planning on going to the fish market and maybe the market where Chinese electronics are sold to find some survey participants. We don’t anticipate these surveys will inform the bulk of our findings, but they will certainly play a role in our overall assessment of the impact of “sensibilisation” in the community.

This morning I called Laty at UNFPA Dakar to see if we could get our hands on the evaluations already conducted by UNFPA on the CCAs. These evaluations will serve as critical background to avoid duplicating what’s already been done. The main thing to keep in mind with this study is that we are searching for new solutions and innovative strategies to target out-of-school youth. My worst fear is that we’ll unknowingly propose a previously failed strategy…

I sent the informed consent forms I drafted last semester to the translation company with whom I worked in Austin to see if they could cut us a deal for translation into French. Oulèye seemed very opposed to the idea of using the informed consent forms at all. I told her that we are obligated to inform research participants of the rights and responsibilities involved in the study, and to ensure their confidentiality. What validity would our research have if we can’t document that we did it in line with an ethical protocol? She said, “You’ll see. No one is going to sign those forms.” That may very well be the case, but we have to at least try, and we at the very least have to verbally inform participants of their rights and our responsibilities in the study. After all this talk of how the forms won’t fly, she then said she could translate them in a couple of hours and we shouldn’t send them to my contact. I said, “Oulèye, I’ve worked in the translation industry for over two years; I know how many words a translator can do in a day, and this is a half day’s worth of translation, and a quarter day’s work of editing of legal material; what's more, neither of us is linguistically equipped to do a proper job in the time available to us.” She seemed unconvinced. Just another example of how basic protocol can get shot to hell once in the field.

Wednesday, June 10, 2009

The problem of the moustiquières

It's almost 10:40 and we're not at the office yet. It's been four days and our mosquito nets are still not hung. The holdup? The guy at the atelier hasn't come by to drill holes into the ceiling. The first day we got here, the atelier was closed. The second day, it was closed. The third day, he was gone for the day after we got home. Finally, I told Mbacke, I have to have my net hung today. He said he talked to a kid at the atelier who said they would come by at 9:00 AM to hang the nets. At 10:00, we walked over there ourselves to talk to them and they said they'd be by soon. We're going on 11:00 AM now and no sign of them.

While I am anxious that we're missing a day at the CCA, with a workshop for young artists going on, and lots of stuff to do, today my priority is hanging this forsaken mosquito net. I will not stand for any more nights of mosquito biting!

Tuesday, June 9, 2009

it's so hot

me and mala are finishing our second day of continued research and writing at the UNFPA office in Matam with our binomes. there is air conditioning in the teensy office the four of us are sharing, and really that's the only thing that matters, because it's 111 F outside. well, that and the fact that we have wi-fi.

off to mala to adjouter something before we head back to la maison...

(c'est mala) i have to admit that 5 years ago, i would be complaining incessently about the condition here - we have a limited supply of potable water, the heat is overwhelming, and the days are slowing down considerably; however, both of us have a great rapport with our binomes, we're actually doing work and using the research meghan, veena, and i slaved over compiling for PDPM, so if this apparent rainly season comes, we'll be better with cooler temperatures. secure us a fridge to keep water cooler than boiling, and i'll be set.

pictures of our life in Matam to come.

Monday, June 8, 2009

Home is Where the Clean Toilet is

Yesterday was the wrong day for my camera battery to die. In the morning, Oulèye and I slept in for the first day since I’ve been here (well, aside from the day I was sick last week). At 1:00, Mbacke came and picked us up for lunch, which was, as usual, delicious. We’ve had lunch there three days now, and each time it’s been a dish of rice with fish and a very tasty, spicy sauce; one day we had Thiboudienne. Afterwards, Oulèye was tired, so she went home to rest and later pay a visit to a friend who happens to live down the street. Mbacke took me on a tour of Mbour and Saly. First we drove through Mbour on a circuitous route of dirt roads and houses. Soon enough we were in Saly, the neighboring town. Saly is markedly more touristic than Mbour, and, if I do say so, also a bit more pleasing to the eye.

I could not believe the quantity of hotels and rental houses and huts and villas in Saly! They seemed to stretch on for miles and miles. They are all immaculately maintained, with flowers and vines everywhere. We stopped at one, Hotel des Bouganvilles, named for all the flowers in the expansive courtyard among the hotel suites. We walked through the yard, past all the flowers, weaving through the buildings. There was not a soul in sight. The hotel appeared completely void of tourists. We continued on, where we came out by an immaculate pool. I wanted to jump in so badly, but I hadn’t planned for it. We continued on and soon enough we were at the beach. The sand was a light brown, just like all the sand that makes up the roads here. A few Senegalese teens were swimming and playing around in the ocean. The water was the perfect temperature. We walked back up to the hotel, and took a different route through the bouganvillia-lined paths, and we ended up on the property of the adjacent hotel, Hotel Amarylis. It, too, was completely devoid of tourists. Not a soul in sight. Mbacke explained that tourist season doesn’t start until October, and ends in March. The hotels are almost all foreign-owned—Swiss, French, Dutch, and Spanish investors.

We left the hotel haven and continued on the road back towards Mbour, but not without making a stop at another cove of Saly’s beach. Here there were tons and tons of kids playing on the beach—the vast majority of them boys. Mbacke told me that when they have enough money (about 60,000 CFA, or $130 USD) they do educational events and condom distribution here on the weekends. Due to limited funds, they can only do this once a trimester. We walked up the beach, which itself was sprinkled with dead blow fish, shells, and jellyfish, and not a little bit of trash, though Mbacke tells me the beach there is cleaner than most. As we walked along, I saw an amazing scene—a boy bathing his horse in about 4 feet of surf. The horse seemed to be enjoying himself thoroughly. After the bath was over, the horse turned around and walked in towards the shore, and the boy grabbed on to his tail and rode the waves back to the sand. This is a common practice here.

We turned around and got back into the car, and Mbacke drove me to the fish market in Mbour, which was about a mile down the shore. There I got an informal tour of the market. I can’t remember the dozens of names of fish that I saw there. The place was so packed—with fisherman, women cleaning fish, making fish balls, people sorting fish, packing fish, etc. The CCA does events here, too, money permitting. The port was divided into sections for small fish, large fish, and massive fish, rays, squid, octopi, and crustaceans—the latter varieties destined for export to Europe, China, and Japan.

After the fish market, we went to a music spectacle put on by a group of Catholic school teachers with whom the CCA collaborates from time to time. It was held in an outdoor community center. There were about 5 different percussionists, two guitarists, a male singer, a female singer, and a guy mixing the sound. The sound was way too loud, and I was tempted to plug my ears at times. People would go up and dance in front of the crowd periodically, which was always fun to watch, and one small kid, maybe about 2 years old, would go up and dance, too. I cannot express how cute this kid was. He later found a loose cord dangling from a tent, and took it in his hand, as if to mimic the woman with the microphone and cord. Watching this kid mimic the singers and shake his little booty provided for a source of endless laughter.

Today was my first day at the Centre de Communication pour les Adolescents (CCA). Mbacke had a meeting in Thiès with the World Bank and IMF for a quarterly review of the CCA’s HIV/AIDS testing and awareness-raising program, so he dropped us off at the office and made his way there shortly thereafter. The office itself is housed in the CDEPS building, a section of the Ministry of Youth dedicated to sports. For this reason, there is a constant drone of kids playing basketball on the other side of the wall. The huge empty room in the entrance to the building that first made me believe it to be unoccupied turns out to be the gymnastics room. Mats are set up daily and gym coaches hold classes there in the afternoons. Putting the CCA in the CDEPS building allows the center to avoid stigmatizing itself as a place of reproductive health activity (a taboo topic in the plurality of social circles here), and in this way, kids can enter the building freely under the guise of going for sports, without being judged by passersby outside the building.

The CCA office space itself consists of a series of modest rooms for each of the personnel: the Coordinator (Mbacke), the sage-femme, or midwife, the social worker (a position currently unoccupied due to lack of funding; this office is thus occupied by interns), and the IEC Technician (Information, Education, et Communication; this person is in charge of outreach activities). When we opened the door to the Assistante Sociale’s office, the space we will be occupying for the next two weeks, we were confronted by a great deal of dust and sand, as the office has been unoccupied since the last intern left in May (she was an undergrad social work student from Belgium). The office has no window, but the door opens to the courtyard, and there is a small rotating fan mounted on the ceiling. Mbacke cleaned the desk and chairs off for us, and we turned on the fan and got settled in. We spoke briefly with the IEC Technician before diving into the evaluations. We read for about a half hour in the balmy, dusty office before the power cut out, leaving us to read for three more hours in the dim, dusty, hot space. This is character-building!

Lunch is usually from 1:00 to 3:00, but Oulèye and I were both famished and tired by 11:30, so we left at noon for lunch, (we usually go home with Mbacke for lunch, but since he was in Thiès, we ventured out) and ended up at a restaurant a few blocks from the office. They had two dishes to offer us, one of them sounding strangely familiar…gumbo! Surely, I thought, this is not the gumbo I know as a native Louisianne. But, to my surprise, they brought out a plate of rice accompanied by a spicy stew of seafood! Gumbo it was. It was a small sign of how little bits of West African culture are still present in the U.S. today.

Oulèye said she would go home for prayer, and I wanted to go home as well to get some water (and use the bathroom…that’s another story) and put some snacks in my bag for the afternoon at the office. We caught a taxi back home, and got the driver’s number so we could call him to pick us up later to take us back to the office. At 1:45, I packed my bag up and asked Oulèye for the number of the driver so we could make our way back to the office. She said, “we don’t go back until 3:00.” I replied that since we had left an hour early, I thought we would go back an hour early. She said, “If you go back to the office now, no one will be there.” I wasn’t really inclined to take the taxi alone and then show up and be locked out for an hour, but I also didn’t want to stay an hour late at the office to make up for a three hour lunch. I ended up staying home with Oulèye and reading there for another hour. We called the driver a little before 3:00 to come pick us up; he said he was eating lunch and would be there soon. We waited a half hour before calling again; Oulèye said he was far away and that we should walk to find another taxi. We left our house and walked 15 minutes to the main road. By the time we got there, I was sweating from the heat, covered in dust, and grumpy from trekking my laptop and all the evaluations around on my back. We got to the main road and bargained for at taxi, and I marveled at how happy I was to be in the hot, dirty clunker, with the breeze on my face, on our way back to the office… four hours after we had left for lunch.

We got back to the office and I bought a liter of water, dehydrated from our brief walk in the sun with my backpack. At the kiosk, I conversed with an old man, each of us doing our best with our less-than-perfect French. We were the only ones back at the office, as it turned out. After another hour or so of reading evaluations, a group of teens came into the office. They were searching for educational materials on unintended pregnancy for a class assignment. We did our best to help find the appropriate brochures since we were the only ones at the center. As the kids made their way out, one young man lingered behind, and gestured that he wanted to speak with me. He asked Oulèye if he could meet with me alone. She agreed, and stepped out in the hall to talk to the other teens. The boy asked me if he could have some condoms. I turned around and looked at the locked cabinet behind my back, and apologetically informed him that I didn’t have the key. He looked disappointed, and I was just as disappointed that I couldn’t help him out. A minute later, after the kids had left, I noticed a box on the floor by the desk…what if? I opened it, and sure enough, it was filled with condoms. I debated for a minute whether to run out and catch up with the kids; I wanted to help the kid out, but discretion and confidentiality were critical, too. What’s more, I wasn’t sure of the CCA’s protocol for condom distribution. Surely the kids have to receive instruction on their appropriate use when they’re distributed, and I know they also record data on the recipient’s age and gender at the time of distribution. Oulèye and I pondered together as to whether we should track him down; she remarked that we wouldn’t want to be the ones responsible if he has unprotected sex. I thought to myself, however, ultimately, he’s responsible for his own actions. I walked outside to see if they were there, but they were gone. Tomorrow I’ll ask Mbacke what the best thing to do is when kids ask us for condoms in the absence of the other staff.

After having well-hydrated myself, I needed to make a trip to the toilettes. I remembered Oulèye commenting on their filthy state, but I was in no position to wait two hours until we went home. I have never regretted drinking water so much as when I saw that bathroom. Mbacke had told us they can only afford for the center to be cleaned every month or so, but I’ll be damned if that wasn’t the most filthy toilet I’ve ever seen in my life; I think the cinematographer from Trainspotting must have derived his inspiration from this toilet. It was covered in a thin, suspicious brown film inside and out, and had black water inside—I would later discover there were mosquitoes breeding in the stagnant “water”! The surrounding area was dirty as all hell, too. I’m not sure how I’ll manage my simultaneous hydration and avoidance of the bathrooms at the CCA for the next two weeks.

After our first day, I was happy to come home and use our clean toilet and make a cup of tea and eat a croissant, thinking about our methodology. As I sit here typing this, I’m waiting out the second power outage of the day. Hopefully this one will be less than the three and a half hour outage earlier today…my computer is about to die.

Saturday, June 6, 2009

Leaving for the Field

After an action-packed week of orientation and logistics in Dakar, the team left for the field bright and early today. For my part, I had smooth and uneventful trip to Mbour, a mere two hours from Dakar, the majority of the voyage spent leaving Dakar. It was both exciting and bittersweet to leave everyone this morning for two weeks alone with my binome, Oulèye.

Below are a few pictures of our departure:

Maguette!



Louise:



Mala and Andrea:



Alia and Maguette:



Mariam:



I'm lacking photos of Meghan and Veena, so please add them if you are able!

During my Senegal IFP, I will be analyzing reproductive health education programs targeted at out-of-school youth in Mbour, Tambacounda and Kolda. Reproductive health education programs for out-of-school youth have been largely unsuccessful in Senegal, as well as other regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Along with my research partner, Oulèye, a student from the Institut de Formation et de Rechèrche en Population, Développement, et Santé de la Reproduction, I will be analyzing the existing documentation on these programs, analyzing the problems associated with their strategies, and making recommendations for new and innovative strategies to successfully influence out-of-school youth's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with regard to reproductive health.

Here is a picture of me with my binome, Oulèye:



I am eager to see what the upcoming weeks will bring, both in terms of my study, and with regard to life in Mbour. I took off this morning from the Résidence de l'Université in the UNFPA Land Cruiser--all in all, a sweet ride, as Meghan so aptly put it. The UNFPA expert, Senghor, and the driver (whose name I have shamefully forgotten!) made for good company as we made our way to pick up Oulèye near the Technopole on the way out of the city. After we picked up Oulèye, we overtook the other two UNFPA vehicles as they stopped in Refisque to pick up Louise's binome. The next half hour or so was peppered with bumper-to-bumper and slow-moving traffic as we left the outskirts of Dakar. Soon enough we were passing Popenguine (I thought of JoJo!) and then Saly, and before I knew it we were in Mbour.

Mbour has one and only paved road, off of which numerous dirt roads sprawl to the outlying community. We arrived at the Ministry of Youth (la Ministère de la Jeunesse; hereafter, simply the MJ) without issue and stepped out of the Land Cruiser. Upon entering the building, it looked like we had arrived at an abandoned headquarters; there was no sign that it had been recently occupied, at least in the decidedly empty main room off the entryway. Laty had given me the number of the gestioner of the MJ, so we called him and he spoke to Senghor who subsequently confirmed the gestioner would be there soon to meet Oulèye and me. Senghor and the driver then left for Kolda, as they had a long drive ahead of them. Oulèye and I waited on the porch for a few minutes before the CCA coordinator, Mbacke, arrived. He gave us a brief tour of the center, showing us the salles d'activités, the sage femme's (midwife) examination room, the offices (including one available for interns!), and the backyard of the property. Mbacke has been with the MJ since 1998 and working on reproductive health issues in particular since 2006 (if I remember correctly). In the back of the building, there are some three dozen young trees, planted two years ago by Mbacke. Two rows of small saplings form a tidy walkway up to the back door. I can imagine in a few years they will provide ample and welcome respite from the heat, and will hopefully also serve as an inviting place for young people to gather.

Mbacke made us Nescafe and offered us Biscrème (cookies with chocolate in the middle) and we talked about the CCA programs. He shared with us a stack of previous evaluations conducted by some Belgian undergraduate social work interns, one who left as recently as April 24th of this year; we have a lot of documentation to review this week! It is a relief to see this big stack of studies because I have been eager to read about the most recent evaluations conducted on the programs.

Mbacke said he will drive us to the office each morning between 8:00 and 8:30; at 1:00 pm we will all go to his home for lunch. Then at 3:00 pm we return to the office, and return chez nous around 6:00 pm. It seems that for transit to the office, we are dependent on Mbacke for a ride, which seems fine for the first week since we'll be keeping the same hours as him. I'm not sure how we'll get out and about for surveys, though, if we want to reach out-of-school youth who don't frequent the CCA. I will also have to ask for the number of a taxi or car service in the (likely) event I want to go into town for groceries, other necessities, or to take a trip to the beach!

After coffee and an introduction to the office, Mbacke drove us to the house where we will live for the next two weeks. It is approximately a 7 minute drive from the office and located in a purely residential area of town; I must say I feel rather isolated out here, but I'm at ease with the location since it's only a couple blocks from Mbacke's house and a guard is stationed on the premises at night. The property is surrounded by a 10-foot or so high wall, and a locked gate, the key to which is available to Oulèye, me, Mbacke, and the "guardien." Our door is metal and sturdy, with a sizable bolt, and a lock as well. Each of our rooms also has a door with lock and key.

Our house is spacious and clean, if a little dusty. The surrounding area is peppered with other houses, and dirt roads all around. The windows are not glass, but covered metal grates open to the elements, with large gauzy red curtains to shield us from the sun. We have a modern kitchen with a stove and an oven fueled by a propane tank, a brand new refrigerator, and all the essential cookware and dishes, etc. The bathroom has a western-style shower and a toilet, those being in separate rooms, with a sink in the adjacent hallway. We have a large dining table and a single bed in the hallway, which I like to think of as our little sitting room. Oulèye took the larger room with a king size bed since her mosquito net is large enough to accommodate that bed; I am in the other room with a single bed (which is actually a hospital bed, complete with wheels and brakes!) so I could fit my mosquito net around it. The ceilings are too high for us to screw in our hooks for our mosquito nets, so we called Mbacke to have someone assist us in that endeavor, but they have yet to arrive...I should end this entry soon to follow up on that, since the sun will set in a couple hours!

Here are some photos of our house...

Our front gate & exterior surrounding wall; a view from inside our house:



Our front door, from inside our front hallway:



Our bolt on the front door (it also has a conventional lock):



Dining table and hallway:



Our windows and curtains:



Kitchen counter and sink:



Stove/oven and propane tank:



View from inside my room:



All in all, I am happily installed. I must say, it is very, very quiet here after all the hustle and bustle in Dakar last week. I wonder if I'll get used to it? In any case, I have a stack of reading to tend to, a bunch of emails to write, and some dusty floors to sweep. :)

Hoping everyone is having a safe and pleasant journey to Tamba and Matam today. Signing off for now.

-Amy